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Sunday, September 30, 2018
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Update
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Should we update, amend or make any changes to our privacy policy, those changes will be posted here.
Friday, August 3, 2018
FISIKA : Pemuaian Panjang, Pemuaian Luas, dan Pemuaian Volume
Pengertian Pemuaian Panjang, Pemuaian Luas, dan Pemuaian Volume (Beserta Soal dan Kunci )
1. Pemuaian Panjang
Pemuaian panjang adalah bertambahnya ukuran panjang suatu benda karena menerima kalor. Pada pemuaian panjang, nilai lebar dan tebal sangat kecil dibandingkan dengan nilai panjang benda tersebut sehingga lebar dan tebal dianggap tidak ada. Contohnya benda yang hanya mengalami pemuaian panjang yaitu kawat kecil yang panjang.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemuaian panjang yaitu panjang awal benda, koefisien muai panjang dan besar perubahan suhu. Koefisien muai panjang suatu benda sendiri dipengaruhi oleh jenis benda atau jenis bahan.
Rumus muai panjang adalah sebagai berikut :
Contoh Soal :
a. Suatu batang logam pada suhu 10°C memiliki panjang 100 cm. Tentukan panjang tersebut pada suhu 300°C jika α = 0,000012 /°C.
Diketahui :
Lo = 100
∆t = 300°C
Ditanya : L = ?
Jawab :
L = Lo (1 + α . ∆t)
L = 100 (1 + {0,000012 x 300})
L = 100 (1 + 0,0036)
L = 100 x (1,0036)
L = 100,36 cm
Keterangan: (α: alpha) adalah : bilangan yang menunjukkan pertambahan panjang suatu benda jika suhunya dinaikkan 1°C tiap satuan panjang.
b. Suatu batang logam pada suhu 15°C memiliki panjang 100 cm. Tentukan panjang tersebut pada suhu 300°C jika α = 0,000010 /°C.
Diketahui :
Lo = 100
∆t = 300°C
Ditanya : L = ?
Jawab :
L = Lo (1 + α . ∆t)
L = 100 (1 + {0,000010 x 300})
L = 100 (1 + 0,003)
L = 100 x (1,003)
L = 100,3 cm
2. Pemuaian Luas
Pemuaian Luas adalah pertambahan ukuran luas suatu benda karena menerima kalor. Pemuaian luas terjadi pada benda yang mempunyai ukuran panjang dan lebar. Sedangkan tebalnya sangat kecil dan dianggap tidak ada. Contoh benda yang mengalami pemuaian luas adalah lempeng besi yang lebar sekali dan tipis.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemuaian luas yaitu luas awal, koefisien muai luas, dan perubahan suhu. Karena sebenarnya pemuaian luas itu merupakan pemuaian panjang yang ditinjau dari dua dimensi maka koefisien luas besarnya sama dengan 2 kali koefisien muai panjang.
Rumus muai luas adalah sebagai berikut
Contoh Soal :
a. Suatu plat aluminium berbentuk persegi dengan panjang sisi 20 cm pada suhu 25°C. Koefisien muai panjang aluminium 0,000012 /°C. Tentukan pertambahan luas plat tersebut jika dipanasi hingga suhu 125°C!
Diketahui :
So = 20 cm
∆T = 125 - 25 = 100°C
α = 0,000012 /°C
Ditanya : ∆A = ?
Jawab :
Ao = So x So
Ao = 20 cm x 20cm
Ao = 400 cm2
β = 2 α
β = 2 x 0,000012 = 0,000024 /°C
∆A = Ao.β.∆T
∆A = 400 x 0,000024 x 100
∆A = 0,96 cm2
Jadi pertambahan luas aluminium tersebut adalah 0,96 cm2. Luas setelah memuai adalah 400 + 0,96 = 400,96 cm2
Keterangan: (β: beta) adalah : bilangan yang menunjukkan pertambahan luas suatu benda jika suhunya dinaikkan 1°C tiap satuan luas.
β = 2α (koefisien muai luas = 2 x koefisien muai panjang)
b. Suatu plat aluminium berbentuk persegi dengan panjang sisi 30 cm pada suhu 25°C. Koefisien muai panjang aluminium 0,000022/°C. Tentukan pertambahan luas plat tersebut jika dipanasi hingga suhu 135°C!
Diketahui :
So = 30 cm
∆T = 135 - 25 = 110°C
α = 0,000022/°C
Ditanya : ∆A = ?
Jawab :
Ao = So x So
Ao = 30 cm x 30cm
Ao = 900 cm2
β = 2 . α
β = 2 x 0,000022 = 0,000044 /°C
∆A = Ao . β . ∆T
∆A = 900 x 0,000044 x 110
∆A = 4,356 cm2
Jadi pertambahan luas alumunium tersebut adalah 4, 356 cm2. Luas setelah memuai adalah 900 + 4, 356 = 904,356 cm2.
3. Pemuaian Volume
Pemuaian Volume adalah pertambahan ukuran volume suatu benda karena menerima kalor. Pemuaian volume terjadi pada benda yang mempunyai ukuran panjang, lebar, dan tebal. Contoh benda yang mempunyai pemuaian volume adalah kubus, air, air dan udara. Volume merupakan bentuk lain dari panjang dalam 3 dimensi karena itu untuk menentukan koefisien muai volume sama dengan 3 kali koefisien muai panjang. Khusus gas, koefisien muai volumenya sama dengan
Rumus muai volume adalah sebagai berikut
Contoh Soal
a. Sebuah bola tembaga pada suhu 15°C volumenya 1 dm3. Berapakah volume tembaga itu pada suhu 100°C? Jika koefisien muai panjang tembaga = 0,00002 /°C.
Diketahui :
∆T = 100 - 15 = 85°C
γ = 3α = 3 x 0,00002 = 0,00006 /°C
Vo = 1 dm3
Ditanya : V = ?
Jawab :
V = Vo (1 + γ.∆T)
V = 1 (1 + {0,00006 x 85})
V = 1 (1 + 0,0051)
V = 1 x 1,0051
V = 1,0051 dm3
Jadi volume tembaga setelah memuai adalah 1, 0051 dm3.
Keterangan: (γ : gamma) adalah : bilangan yang menunjukkan pertambahan volume suatu benda jika suhunya dinaikkan 1°C tiap satuan volume.
γ = 3α = 3/2 β (koefisien muai volume = 3 x koefisien muai panjang = 3/2 x koefisien muai luas)
b. Sebuah bola tembaga pada suhu 10°C volumenya 1 dm3. Berapakah volume tembaga itu pada suhu 90°C? Jika koefisien muai panjang tembaga = 0,00003 /°C.
Diketahui :
∆T = 90 - 10 = 80°C
γ = 3α = 3 x 0,00003 = 0,00009/°C
Vo = 1 dm3
Jawab :
V = Vo (1 + γ.∆T)
V = 1 (1 + {0,00009 x 80})
V = 1 (1 + 0,0072)
V = 1 x 1,0072
V = 1,0072 dm3
